Silver and gold ingots of medieval Russia. (Archaeological research). Part 1. (1929). Part 2. (1931)
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The monograph classifies all silver and gold ingots found in the territory of Eastern Europe from the late Roman period to middle of the XVth century. The first part describes ingots of the pre-Mongolian period found with Arab dirhams and Russian coins, as well as gold ingots of the XIth – XIIIth centuries. The second part studies long gold ingots known as Novgorod grivnas, ingots known as rubles, as well as Lithuanian and Tatar ingots. The book considers ingots as means of circulation, payment, and savings.
