Nikolaĭ I, ego syn Aleksandr II, ego vnuk Aleksandr III
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A sudden death of Alexander I caused a constitutional crisis. His elder brother Constantine abandoned the right of succeeding to the crown. Alexander wrote about Constantine’s refusal and transfer of his rights to the younger brother Nikolai in a special manifest, the contents of which were kept secret. An avalanche of state affairs fell upon Nikolai, but it didn’t take him unawares. He was hard-working, pedantic and persistent and considered paper work to be one of the most important of his tasks. Nikolai kept a close watch on the state of foreign-policy affairs, without passing off internal affairs of the country. His reign has lasted for 19 years. After Nikolai’s death his firstborn Alexander II succeeded to the throne and became an outstanding sovereign of Russia, tsar-liberator, who put an end to the shameful serfdom. He was an indisputable head of the House of Romanov.
