How to manage Kazakhs
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In 1731, due to the weakening of the Kazakh Khanate during the grueling war with the Dzungars, Khan of the Younger Zhuz Abulkhair was forced to swear allegiance to the Russian Empire. Three years later, Chief Secretary Ivan Kirillov submitted to the Senate a “Project on keeping the Kyrgyz under Russian citizenship and methods of managing them.” On May 1, 1734, Kirillov’s project was approved in all parts by Empress Anna Ioannovna, and its execution was entrusted to him. The author of the project believed that inciting hostility between nomadic peoples was the best way to control the Steppe. This publication includes not only the text of Kirillov’s project, but also other valuable historical documents covering the beginning of the colonization of Kazakhstan in the very first years after the adoption of Russian citizenship.
