Crime and criminals (criminal psychological studies)
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In the work of the outstanding scientist Dmitry Andreevich Dril (1846-1910) - for the first time the problems of the relationship of biological and social factors of crime are considered, the types of crimes, its sides, preparations and measures of punishment are described, the classification of criminal acts, corpus delicti, defense, as well as the actions of criminal law at different times and much more. Methods of combating crime, organizational crimes and so on will be considered separately. D. Dril in the publication reveals and emphasizes that in the investigation of crimes it is necessary to use the latest achievements of natural sciences in order to rely not only on abstract logical constructions, but also to approach the criminal as to a living person, take into account the personal factor, including heredity, accept into account the influence of living conditions, the environment. The researcher is a resolute opponent of the “classical school” of criminal law, believing that crime is an expression of congenital and acquired anomalies in the mental organization and nervous system of a criminal who should be treated rather than punished. Actually, punishment, violence against a criminal is a secondary task, the main goal is to correct him. The author examines the whole complex of factors influencing the crime rate, types of crimes and people who commit them: social, hereditary, psychophysiological (imbalance and degeneration, obsession, lack of will, etc.).