Mezoliticheskie pamiatniki Gorbunovskogo torfianika
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Multidisciplinary research of Mesolithic sites of the Gorbunovo peat bog, carried out during last decades yielded numerous materials for the study of environmental changes during the Early Holocene of the area under study, and development of material culture, economy and adaptation of the Mesolithic population of the region and the forest Tans-Urals area as a whole. Investigation of Mesolithic sites of the Gorbunovo peat bog shows with certainty that the settlement of the Middle Trans-Urals happened not during the Late Mesolithic, as it was previously considered, but during the Early Mesolithic. Already at that stage the Mesolithic population of the region managed to adapt successfully to their environment and work out the optimal subsistence strategy, main features of which did not change
during the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic. Hunting of ungulates, fi rst of all elk, supplemented by hunting other mammals, fowling and fishing was the base of this strategy. Seasonal changes and local conditions demanded changes of localities of habitation sites and hunting camps throughout a year. Continuity of traditions of lithic and bone industry bet ween Mesolithic and Early Neolithic cultural layers of peat bog sites of the Middle Trans-Urals indicates emergence of the Early Neolithic of this territory on the local Mesolithic basis.
